The Most Common Age-Related Issues in Dogs

As our beloved dogs age, they face numerous health challenges that can significantly impact their quality of life. Understanding these age-related issues is crucial for every dog owner who wants to ensure their furry friend enjoys comfortable golden years. From joint problems to cognitive decline, senior dogs require special attention and care to maintain their wellbeing as they navigate the natural ageing process.

Joint Problems and Arthritis

One of the most prevalent issues affecting older dogs is arthritis and joint deterioration. It affects 80% of dogs over the age of 8 years old, and potentially up to 35% of dogs of all ages (1). Just like humans, dogs experience wear and tear on their joints over time, leading to inflammation, pain, and reduced mobility. Large breed dogs are particularly susceptible to hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia, conditions that worsen with age (2). Smaller breeds often develop luxating patella (kneecap dislocation) and intervertebral disc disease (2).

The signs of joint problems include stiffness upon waking, reluctance to climb stairs or jump, limping, and decreased activity levels. Dogs may also show behavioural changes such as irritability or withdrawal from physical activities they once enjoyed. Weight management becomes crucial during this stage, as excess weight places additional strain on already compromised joints.

Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome

Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS), often compared to dementia in humans, affects a significant percentage of dogs over eight years old (3). This condition involves the deterioration of brain function, leading to confusion, disorientation, and changes in sleep patterns (3). Dogs with CDS may become lost in familiar environments, forget house training, or show altered social interactions with family members.

The progression of CDS varies among individuals, but early intervention can help slow its advancement. Mental stimulation through puzzle toys, new experiences, and maintaining regular routines can support cognitive function.The progression of CDS varies among individuals, but early intervention can help slow its advancement. Additionally, therapeutic diets containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) have shown promising results in clinical studies, with significant improvements observed in dogs with cognitive dysfunction symptoms (4).

Vision and Hearing Loss

Sensory decline is another common aspect of canine ageing. Nuclear sclerosis, a clouding of the lens, occurs naturally as dogs age and some estimates show the prevalence of lenticular sclerosis or cataracts at 50% in dogs over 9 years of age and 100% in dogs over the age of 13 (5). However, cataracts, glaucoma, and progressive retinal atrophy can cause serious vision problems or blindness. Dogs adapt remarkably well to vision loss, relying more heavily on their other senses.

Hearing loss is equally common in senior dogs, often developing gradually. Owners may notice their dog doesn't respond to their name being called or fails to react to environmental sounds like doorbells or approaching vehicles. While complete hearing loss cannot be reversed, maintaining a consistent environment and using visual cues can help dogs navigate their world safely (6).

Heart Disease and Circulation Issues

Cardiovascular problems become increasingly common as dogs age. Mitral valve disease is particularly prevalent in smaller breeds, while larger dogs may develop dilated cardiomyopathy (7). These conditions can lead to congestive heart failure if left untreated. Signs of heart disease include coughing, laboured breathing, fatigue during exercise, and fluid retention causing abdominal swelling.

Regular veterinary check-ups become essential for early detection of heart problems. Many heart conditions can be managed effectively with medication, dietary changes, and modified exercise routines when caught early. Maintaining an appropriate weight and providing gentle, regular exercise supports cardiovascular health throughout a dog's life.

Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease, in geriatric populations at referral institutions, affects up to 10% of dogs and 60% of cats (8).The kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood, leading to a buildup of toxins. Early stages of kidney disease often show no symptoms, making regular blood work crucial for senior dogs. As the condition progresses, dogs may drink more water, urinate more frequently, lose appetite, and experience weight loss.

Management of kidney disease involves dietary modifications, typically reducing protein and phosphorus intake while ensuring adequate hydration (9). Special therapeutic diets designed for kidney support can significantly slow disease progression and improve quality of life. Some dogs may require subcutaneous fluid therapy to maintain proper hydration levels.

Digestive System Changes

The digestive system undergoes significant changes as dogs age (10), often becoming less efficient at processing nutrients and maintaining healthy gut bacteria balance. Senior dogs may experience decreased appetite, slower digestion, and increased sensitivity to dietary changes. Constipation becomes more common due to reduced mobility and changes in intestinal function.

Digestive issues can lead to poor nutrient absorption, affecting overall health and energy levels. Many senior dogs develop food sensitivities they didn't have in their younger years, requiring dietary adjustments. Maintaining digestive health becomes crucial for supporting immune function and overall wellbeing in ageing dogs (11).

Cancer Risks

Unfortunately, cancer rates increase significantly with age in dogs. Approximately half of all dogs over ten years old will develop some form of cancer during their lifetime (12). Common types include skin tumours, lymphoma, bone cancer, and mammary tumours (13). Early detection through regular veterinary examinations and being aware of warning signs such as unusual lumps, persistent sores, or changes in eating habits can improve treatment outcomes.

While cancer diagnosis can be frightening, many forms are treatable, especially when caught early. Treatment options range from surgical removal to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, depending on the type and stage of cancer. Quality of life considerations become paramount when making treatment decisions for senior dogs.

Weight Management Challenges

Metabolism naturally slows as dogs age, often leading to weight gain despite reduced activity levels. Conversely, some senior dogs experience weight loss due to dental problems, decreased appetite, or underlying health conditions (14). Both scenarios present health risks and require careful management.

Obesity in senior dogs exacerbates joint problems, increases strain on the heart, and can worsen diabetes and other age-related conditions (15). Maintaining an ideal body weight through appropriate diet and exercise modifications becomes crucial for overall health and longevity.

How CaniNectar Can Support Senior Dogs

CaniNectar offers comprehensive support for many age-related challenges that affect senior dogs. As dogs age, their digestive systems become less efficient, making it harder to absorb essential nutrients needed for maintaining health (10) & (11). The naturally occurring digestive enzymes in CaniNectar, including protease, lipase, and amylase, work synergistically to break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates more effectively, ensuring senior dogs can maximise nutrient absorption from their food.

The inclusion of MCT oil in CaniNectar provides additional cognitive support benefits. Research has demonstrated that therapeutic diets containing medium-chain triglycerides can significantly improve signs of cognitive dysfunction syndrome in senior dogs, with improvements observed across multiple categories of cognitive function (4). This makes CaniNectar particularly valuable for dogs experiencing age-related cognitive changes.

The B vitamins present in CaniNectar support energy metabolism and brain function, which can be particularly beneficial for dogs experiencing cognitive changes. Additionally, the powerful antioxidants, including ferulic acid and flavan-3-ols, help protect cells from oxidative damage that accelerates with age, whilst the essential minerals like magnesium, zinc, and selenium support immune function, muscle health, and overall vitality.

By promoting better digestion, nutrient absorption, and cognitive support through MCT oil, CaniNectar can help senior dogs maintain their energy levels, support their immune systems, and improve their overall quality of life during their golden years.

Conclusion

Ageing is an inevitable process that brings numerous challenges for our canine companions. However, understanding these common age-related issues enables us to provide better care and support for our senior dogs. Regular veterinary check-ups, appropriate dietary modifications, gentle exercise, and mental stimulation all play crucial roles in maintaining quality of life for ageing dogs. With proper care and attention, many senior dogs can enjoy comfortable, happy years despite the challenges that come with growing older. The key is early recognition of problems and proactive management to ensure our faithful companions receive the care they deserve in their golden years.